Why switching is necessary in telecommunication

Resources are defined by its type, nature, and amount. Internal factors analysis helps to understand the organization internally and with a clear understanding of its competencies and capabilities that are distinctiv.

Read more. Importance of Modulation in Communication System. There is a huge importance of modulation in the communication system. It is defined as the modification process of the message signals in the communication system.

In the modulation process, the message signal of very low frequencies is impressed. And, only the carrier signal of high frequency is passed through the transmission process. It is one of the important techniques in which the addition of a signal is done to an optical signal carrier or electronic wave carrier.

It is very important as it uses the properties of a periodic waveform the most. It is used in communication just to pass the signal which bears information from one source to another destination.

Here, a transmitter is used which is normally present to modify the message signal. In this process, the message signal is modified in a suitable form and it is transmitted over various communication channels. This whole process of modification of message and carrier signals is termed as modulation.

The need for. External Environmental Analysis EEA is the analysis of the external environment which helps in analyzing the trends and activities of the industry in the marketplace. The processes of EEA are: 1. Scanning 2. Monitoring 3. Forecasting 4. Micro factors can be influenced because it is an assessment of the specific firm, and Macro factors are less influenced because it is external factors that are difficult to predict and understand.

Therefore, micro factors are the factors of the specific firm such as the functional department, policies, procedures, laws, and others which can be influenced and changed when necessary. External Environmental Analys. Top 5 Advantages of Digital Communication System.

The digital communication system has high noise immunity. High noise immunity means the digital communication system is more immune to noise as compared to the analog communication system. In an analog communication system, the system has less noise immunity compared to a digital system. The noise produced in an analog communication system is very high compared to the digital communication system.

Therefore, the digital communication system is preferred for better noise immunity. It has many advantages in storing and processing various data and information. The data and information stored or retrieved in a digital communication system can be achieved in any format like audio or video, etc. But in an analog communication system, the information processed is hard to obtain in any desirable format.

Usually, N indicates the inlets and the outlets are indicated by M. So, a switching network has N inlets and M outlets. The hardware used to establish connection between inlets and outlets is called the Switching Matrix or the Switching Network. This switching network is the group of connections formed in the process of connecting inlets and outlets. Hence, it is different from the telecommunication network mentioned above. There are four types of connections that can be established in a telecommunication network.

A network where the outlets are connected to the inlets, is called the Folded Network. In a Folded Network, the N number of inlets which come as outlets are again folded back to the inlets. Nevertheless, the switching network provides connections to the inlets and outlets as per the requirement. The following figure will help you understand how the Switching Network works.

Such a network can be called as Non-blocking network. In a non-blocking network, as long as the called subscriber is free, a calling subscriber will be able to establish a connection to the called subscriber. In the above figure, only 4 subscribers were considered - where line 1 is busy with line 2 and line 3 is busy with line 4. While the call is in progress, there used to be no chance for making another call and hence, only a single connection was made.

At times, it might happen that the inlet and outlet connections are continuously used to make Transit calls through trunk lines only, but not among the local subscribers. The inlet and outlet connections if used in an Inter-exchange transmission such that the exchange does not support connection between local subscribers, then it is called the Transit Exchange.

A switching network of such kind is called the Non-folded network. If there are no switching paths free in the network, the call requested will be denied, where the subscriber is said to be blocked and the network is called the Blocking Network.

In a blocking network , the number of simultaneous switching paths is less than the maximum number of simultaneous conversations that can take place. The probability that a user may get blocked is called the Blocking Probability. A good design should ensure low blocking probability.

The product of the calling rate and the average holding time is defined as the Traffic Intensity. The continuous sixty-minute period during which the traffic intensity is high is the Busy Hour. When the traffic exceeds the limit to which the switching system is designed, a subscriber experiences blocking.

Nowadays, message switching is often implemented over packet-switched or circuit-switched data networks. Each message, which contains addressing information, is treated as a separate entity. At each switch the information within the message is read and the transfer path is determined. A conversation of several messages might not always be transferred over the same path, but this is dependant on network conditions. Each message is stored often on hard drives before they are transmitted to the next switch.

Packet switching is a digital networking communication method which groups all transmitted data into blocks, which are called packets, and transmitted via a medium which may be shared by multiple communication sessions. Packets are composed of a header and payload. The header contains information that is used by the network hardware to direct the packet to its destination. The payload is extracted at the destination and used by the application software. In order to determine the best design for a telephone switching system, a number of criteria must be determined and considered by the operator.

Once these general properties of the traffic are established, the performance of a switching system can be stated and specified by a grade of service GOS. GOS is a way of measuring congestion expressed as the probability that a call will be blocked or delayed. In order to build, maintain and improve a switch that will supply the highest quality of service to its subscribers, network operators must monitor their network hardware constantly and efficiently and be ready to repair, replace or add any parts that are required.

The ability to anticipate network downtime before it occurs and act to source parts to stop it from happening is an essential task that sets the best network providers apart from their competitors. At Carritech, we actively source and supply, as well as repair parts for switching systems all around the world. Our customers rely on our industry knowledge, particularly in the area of hard-to-find products.

If you operate a network that relies on switching systems to serve your customers or staff, click here to find out more about our services and how we can partner with you to ensure your network is the best it possibly can be. Lost your password? Search for:. Switching requirements and functions Conceptually, switches have inlets and outlets.

Switching techniques There are three main switching techniques: circuit switching, message switching and packet switching.