From that point on, your cat needs the Rabies vaccination either yearly or tri-annually depending on which vaccination they get. Update: Rabies was recently diagnosed in Cleburne county in a puppy adopted out from Cleburne animal shelter!

All cats should be vaccinated against Rabies by 4 months of age to be protected. This is the core vaccination for cats, covering some of the most deadly feline diseases. Feline leukemia is usually spread by a carrier cat coming into contact with an unprotected cat. Bites, or even mutual grooming, can spread the virus. There are no obvious signs of infection in early stages. Symptoms include having less appetite, losing weight, not grooming as frequently, and sleeping more.

It is caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. These single-celled parasites are not to be confused with the common intestinal parasites: roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms. Even though the infection rate is high in cats and dogs, clinical disease is less common. Infection is rare in healthy cats. It is more common in densely populated groups of animals, such as in a pet store or animal shelter.

Kittens have been shown to shed more Giardia cysts in their feces than older cats. Infection can also occur from drinking water that has been contaminated.

These microscopic parasites attach themselves to the intestinal wall and cause foul-smelling diarrhea. The stool will range from soft to watery, and may contain blood. Infected cats tend to have excess mucus in the feces.

Sometimes, vomiting can occur. Ingestion of the cyst stage of the parasite leads to infection. Eventually, the cat is able to pass infective cysts in the stool, where they can contaminate the environment and infect other cats. Because of the prevalence of Giardia in the cat, the presence of cysts in the stool does not necessarily indicate that a problem is present.

When the cysts are present in a cat with diarrhea, it is important. Kittens and unhealthy adult cats are at risk for death from dehydration caused by diarrhea. The prognosis is good in most cases.

Unhealthy or older animals and those with weak immune systems are at increased risk for death. Ask your veterinarian about the Giardia vaccine. It is generally recommended that all cats be tested for both antigens and antibodies serology prior to administration of a heartworm preventive.

Currently there are no drugs approved for treating heartworms in cats. One of the drugs for treating dogs has been used in cats, but there are potential side-effects. Another problem is that when the heartworms die they pass through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

This can result in sudden death. Roundworms are one of the most common intestinal parasites found in cats. They can be a common cause of illness and death in kittens. These are large-bodied round worms, about inches in length.

They do not attach to the wall of the intestine; they are literally swimming within the intestine. The scientific name for the feline roundworm is Toxocara cati. Another less common roundworm, Toxascaris leonina, can infect both dogs and cats.

Roundworms are sometimes called ascarids and the disease they produce is called ascariasis. Roundworms are not usually harmful to mature cats, but large numbers may cause life-threatening problems in kittens and adult cats with compromised health conditions.

In kittens, common signs include abdominal discomfort, a pot-bellied appearance, depressed appetite, vomiting and diarrhea, or poor growth. Milk-borne infection is the major cause of roundworm transmission to kittens. Swallowing eggs that contain infective roundworm larvae may infect both kittens and adult cats.

These eggs may come from the feces of infected cats or from the tissues of intermediate hosts. Common hosts for roundworms include earthworms, cockroaches, rodents, and birds. After several weeks, the larvae return to the intestine to mature. The distinctive eggs are easily recognized under the microscope. Roundworm eggs are usually plentiful but, in some instances, it may take more than one fecal examination to find them.

Treatment is simple and inexpensive. After administration of the deworming medication, the worms will pass into the stool. Because of their large size, they are easily identified. Two-to-three treatments will be needed; performed at week intervals. Kittens are then dewormed again with each visit for kitten vaccinations. None of these treatments will kill the immature forms of the worm or the migrating larvae. The prognosis of a roundworm infection is good if medication is given promptly.

Roundworms can be a health risk for humans. The most common source of human infection is by ingesting eggs that have come from soil contaminated with cat or dog feces. Children are at a greater risk for health problems should they become infected. A variety of organs may be affected as the larvae travel through the body. In suitable environments, the eggs may remain infective to humans and cats for years.

The scientific names for the most common feline hookworms are Ancylostoma tubaeforme and Ancylostoma braziliense. On rare occasions, cats may become infected with the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum. Cats tend to have relatively fewer hookworms than dogs. The feline hookworms tend to be less aggressive bloodsuckers than the canine species.

Hookworms are more common in warm, moist environments. Conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation contribute to re-infection. Feline hookworms tend to feed along the lining of the small intestine.

When they suck blood, an anti-coagulant substance is injected at the feeding site. The cat suffers blood loss from ingestion by the hookworm, as well as bleeding into the bowel. Blood-loss anemia is attributed to hookworms is a more significant problem in kittens than adult cats.

These eggs are not visible to the naked eye. Larvae will hatch from the eggs and persist in the soil for weeks or months. When larvae are swallowed by the cat, hookworm infection is established. In dogs, prenatal infection may be a significant problem. Research has not shown prenatal infection to occur in kittens. With a microscopic exam, the eggs are easily identified by their unique appearance. Since the eggs are produced on a daily basis, hookworm infection is usually fairly easy to diagnose.

The number of eggs does not necessarily correlate with the number of worms present. In fact, the number of eggs passed can be greater with smaller numbers of worms present.

Feline hookworms do not infect humans internally. The tiny larvae can burrow into human skin, causing a disease calledcutaneous larval migrans. Sometimes called ground itch, this skin infection does not lead to maturation of the larvae. Because contact of human skin with moist, larvae-infected soil is required, infection rarely occurs when good hygiene is practiced.

Tapeworms are intestinal parasites of cats and dogs. Because they are classified as cestodes, they belong to a different family of worms than hookworms and roundworms called nematodes. Several types of tapeworms are known to infect cats; Dipylidium caninum is by far the most common.

The tapeworm uses its hook-like mouthparts for anchoring to the wall of the small intestine. Eventually, adult tapeworms may reach several inches in length. Fleas are the intermediate host for the tapeworm. Tapeworms are unable to complete their life cycle without the presence of fleas.

Regardless of whether fleas have been seen on the animal, the cat must have ingested a flea in order to have tapeworms. Consequently, tapeworms are more common in environments which are heavily infested with fleas.

Lice are also reported as intermediate hosts for tapeworms but they are uncommon parasites of cats. Tapeworm eggs must be ingested by flea larvae. Contact between flea larvae and tapeworm eggs are facilitated by contaminated bedding or carpet. Adult fleas do not participate in this part of the tapeworm lifecycle. The cat then chews or licks his skin as a flea bites; the flea is then swallowed.

Tapeworms are not particularly harmful to the cat and few symptoms are attributed to their presence. Tapeworms may cause debilitation or weight loss if there are large numbers present. A cat will occasionally scoot or drag his anus across the ground or carpet due to the anal irritation caused by the proglottids. This behavior is much more common in dogs than cats. Occasionally, a tapeworm will release its attachment in the intestines and migrate to the stomach causing the cat to vomit an adult tapeworm several inches in length.

Most commonly, guardians recognize that the cat has tapeworms and brings this to the attention of the veterinarian. These proglottid segments look like grains of cooked white rice. Each of these proglottid capsules contains up to 20 tapeworm eggs. Available treatments are safe and effective. The deworming medication may be given as a tablet or as an injection. Side-effects are rarely reported with the newer medications. Control of fleas is the key to preventing tapeworm infection.

With the advanced flea control products which have become available, it is now much easier now than in previous years. Depending on the type of product you use and the presence of other pets in your home, your veterinarian will help you decide whether you also need to treat your house and yard for fleas.

Humans can become infected with tapeworms, although infection is rare because it is established by ingestion of a flea. Most reported cases have involved children. The risk for human infection with Dipylidium caninum is small but does exist. Routine fecal examinations and wormings can help control this parasite in multi-cat homes and shelters or other areas where it may be a problem.

While there are several types of mites which may infect cats and dogs, Otodectes cynotis is the mite most commonly seen. Ear mites are an external parasite which causes significant discomfort. Ear mites can live on any part of the body, although they generally live in the ears. This is the most common cause of inflammation of the outer ear canal in the animals. They are most often seen in kittens and puppies, but they can affect cats and dogs of any age and are extremely contagious.

The mites feed on tissue debris and secretions from the ear canal lining. With repeated irritation, the ear canal thickens and debris builds up within the ear canal.

This debris, caused by mite waste products, dead tissue and fluid resembles coffee grounds. In long term cases of ear mites in cats and dogs, there are often secondary bacterial and yeast infections creating even more stress on the animal and making treatment more difficult. In chronic cases of ear mites in cats and dogs, there are often secondary bacterial and yeast infections that complicate the treatment, creating more stress on the animal.

Damage to the ear could include a thickening of the skin or infection which is caused by the cat or dog damaging the skin by scratching, and bacteria entering these wounds. The life cycle of an ear mite lasts about twenty-one days from egg to adult, entails going through four stages:.

Although some cats and dogs show no outward signs of ear mite infestations, the mites can be diagnosed as described above. In most cats and dogs with ear mites, if you briskly rub the ear canal area the animal will respond by automatic scratching movements of the back leg.

Triggering this automatic scratching movement seldom occurs in animals that do not have ear mites. Your veterinarians will check for ear mites as part of the routine physical exam, especially in multi-pet households. Skip to content Vaccination Prices. FREE Veterinary express exam with multiple vaccinations. Not all pet microchips are created equal. There are important differences to consider when selecting a microchip.

Using these microchips safeguards pets and helps to increase the possibility for a pet to be reunited, should it ever become lost, compared to pets that only wear collar tags. There are several different pet microchip systems in use today in the United States. They differ according to the frequency of the microchip and whether the microchip is encrypted. Encrypted microchips are not ISO-compliant, and can be read only by a scanner designed to read that specific, encrypted microchip.

If a veterinarian or animal shelter does not own that specific scanner, it limits the chance of that microchip being read and the possibility of that pet being reunited with its owner.

At Tender Loving Care we only use microchips that contain an individual, preprogrammed code that is permanent, unique worldwide, and cannot be altered. Heartworm is a parasitic roundworm that is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes. The heartworm is a type of filarid, a small thread-like worm. The definitive host is the dog but it also infects cats, and other animals, such as ferrets and even, under very rare circumstances, humans.

Heartworm infection may result in serious disease for the host. Heartworm disease is preventable with such products as Iverhart or Heartgard Plus! Protect your dog or cat from heartworm disease by giving medication once monthly, year-round or as directed by your veterinarian.

It can happen. Fleas and ticks can silently invite themselves onto your pet and into your yard and families home.

These pests can then harm your pet by laying eggs and maturing into adult fleas and ticks. The FVRCP vaccine for cats is easily accessible at any small animal veterinary office and is also administered by veterinarians and under the guidance of veterinary professionals in shelters and rescues who work with cats.

You do not need to see a specialist to have your cat receive this vaccine. Each of these viruses have a unique shape or presence in the body, and the immune system then produces a protein match in response called an antibody. That antibody is a memory protein that the body can call on again if the cat is ever challenged with the same virus.

This process in itself is a great start, but not enough for significant protection. This vaccine, given weeks after the first, and then every 3 years after, triggers that next level of protection.

In other words, the booster simulates the presence of the viruses again. A group of feline experts within the American Association of Feline Practitioners put together very specific guidelines to help direct when and how often kittens and cats should receive this very important core vaccine. Here is a timeline to help provide some clarity for pet parents:. Once one of these two scenarios are completed, then the next vaccine is given one year after the booster, and then every three years after that.

Veterinarians do not recommend administering this vaccine to pregnant cats. As with any vaccine, there are always some rarely seen side effects. If these signs persist after a few days, please call your veterinarian.

Alert Signup. In , as the Alaskan Way Stakeholder Advisory Committee considered options for the replacement of Seattle's Alaskan Way Viaduct, Arup North America Ltd was commissioned by the Cascadia Center at the Discovery Institute to report on recent developments in the implementation of large-diameter highway tunnel projects around the world.

Details of this report are presented here to provide insight into the benefits of large-diameter bored tunnels for urban highway projects in difficult ground conditions and to examine the importance of evaluating tunnel cost from a whole-life approach. Fig 1. Completed large-bore tunnels.

Fig 2. Shanghai river crossing, two 51ft-diameter tunnels. TBM technology Over the last two decades, the ability of TBMs to construct large-diameter tunnels in weak ground and significant groundwater pressures has increased significantly. Fig 3. Increasing TBM diameters over the last 20 years. Fig 4. Different road tunnel configurations Serebryany Bor, M, and A, respectively. Fig 5. Survey of tunnel costs. Fig 6. Fig 7. Whole-life costs. Author references Compiling real costs for true infrastructure construction comparison.

Reilly, John. Probable cost estimating and risk management. North American Tunneling Proceedings. Lifting the lid on mixshield performance. Tunnels and Tunneling International June Tunnel boring machine development. North American Tunneling Conference State of the art in TBM tunneling.

Ishii, G. Current issues regarding mechanized and automated tunneling. Tunnels and Underground Structures Parker, Harvey W. Bold and visionary planning of tunnels and underground space.

TunnelTalk Articles. TunnelCast Videos. Diary Dates. World News Briefs. Career Moves. Could they be reduced? These are important questions. To help answer this question, Alon Levy at Pedestrian Observations compiled a nice dataset of construction costs for rail tunnels part 1 , part 2. He gathered data for over 40 rail tunnel projects that have been completed or planned over the last decade or so.

While the data is a bit imprecise — based on a mix of ex-ante cost estimates and ex-post contract costs, and converted between currencies using purchasing power parity exchange rates — it provides a useful basis for benchmarking CRL costs. As CRL is 3. Note that a number of the projects on the lower-cost end of the scale had significant above-ground portions that tend to be cheaper to build.

This shows a few important facts:. Lastly, we should be asking: What can we do to be more like South Korea or Spain when it comes to tunnelling costs? Some of the differences between locations are likely to be impossible to change, as they depend upon geography.

But others are possible to change, as they relate to construction methods, design standards, and processes. A few years ago, Alan Davies Crikey identified a few of these factors :. Both lines opened at the same time. The key differences Mr Munro identifies are:. Physical factors like geology explain a lot of the difference between Sheppard and MetroSur, but so too do standards. Community expectations on a range of variables — for example environmental standards, engineering and operating standards, safety standards, the level of citizen input — appear to be key drivers of higher costs in Toronto.

I suppose they are digging through a swamp, and flat, which will simplify things. This is probably a fairly key factor to consider in the cost comparisons.

Number of stations per km. Absolutely; tunnelling, as a rule, is pretty straightforward, always depending on the geology. Building buildings for thousands of of people underground, especially in the middle of cities, is an expensive and tricky business. On geology, it is no surprise that London had the first subsurface, then truly underground, railways, as that is pretty easy clay to work [Budapest was second!

As anyone who follows the travails of the 2nd Ave extension will know. Another issue Peter mentions above is the building up of an industry and practice of doing it.

In fairly different conditions; Italy is a very rugged topography and to build pretty much any transport link will require digging or bridging, and that is true in the north of Spain too.

In both cultures the people expect a high standard of Transit provision and place quality in their cities, and expect their governments to fund both. In my experience stormwater tunnels the tunneling aspect is pretty straight forward. The time and cost of digging the shafts, would surprise people. It takes months to dig the hole, weeks to machine the tunnel. As RossR alludes to NZ is a small and distant country so the costs are going to be high.

IF central government and Auckland came up with a long term pipeline for tunneling works to give a couple of contractors continuity of work i would say these costs would come down. And i do hope Auckland Council bring in experience to manage the construction because contractors are experts in variations these can end up being considerable.

If the contractors think this tunneling job will be their last they will try and make hay. The reality of tunneling is there is a relatively small core of people working worldwide in this field.

As such crews tend to stay together across projects in diverse geographic areas and companies employing them, with occasional changes in team members. The additional laboring crews, electricians, carpenters etc can get up to speed relatively quickly. A key factor has to be the large, experienced contractors based in Spain and Korea. I think there probably is a second order effect between length and cost per km, simply because short tunnels tend to be done in very constrained situations, while long tunnels will logically have a greater probablility of sections being done under less constrained conditions.

Case in point, the CRL is entirely built under the city centre with deep level stations every m or so, in places that are quite awkward to build, in other words every metre of the 3km tunnel is difficult. Of course the real magic of the CRL is that 3km of tricky tunnel work is the last upgrade that buys us what amounts to km of metro system with 40 stations on it when it is finished.

I wonder what the costs of a rail tunnel under the Tamaki Estuary into Pakuranga and eventually surfacing to connect the eastern rail line to a line down the middle of Te Irirangi Drive would be. Correlation is not causation. In general there are mobilisation and demobilisation costs and other costs such as the transportation and assembly of the TBM that are independent of the length of the project.

Seems a no-brainer that once we have the tunnelling machine working, to keep it occupied for an extended time doing a sequence of tunnels throughout the city. It always seemed silly to me that after each tunnelling project, the machine would be packed up and shipped out of the country again.

Even mild subsidence can damage pipes, rail tracks or buildings above. So during the s, Japanese and German engineers learned to use water and air pressure to stabilize the ground around a borer.

They developed tunnel-boring machines that could robotically install precast concrete tunnel-lining panels immediately behind the cutting face, leaving a nearly completed thoroughfare in their wake. The savings from automation can be dramatic. Other recent advances in tunneling technology include precision guidance to thread around existing infrastructure and electronic monitors to track vibrations, which let tunnelers stop at the first hint of trouble.

Advances in chemistry allow engineers to thicken loose ground or soften hard terrain. These innovations have enabled tunneling in areas once considered impassable. Miami recently dug a traffic tunnel beneath a busy waterway by eating through a mix of saturated ground and porous coral rock that previously defied affordable excavation.

He can be reached at dan. A record 4. Home Personal Finance. The high-tech, low-cost world of tunnel building Published: May 10, at a. ET By Daniel Michaels. My wife is a stay-at-home mom.

It is needed to make fatty acids and also maintains bone and hair health. Vitamin B9 is required to help cells produce and maintain DNA the genetic material found in all body cells , while B12 is important for protein metabolism.

Not everyone requires vitamin B supplementation. Depending on your individual needs and recommendations from your doctor, you may be advised to take a specific B vitamin supplement alone over a B-complex supplement. Most of the B vitamins are involved in the process of converting food into energy. While this is an essential process, it is not necessarily the case that taking a B-complex supplement will make you feel more energetic. Although your body needs B vitamins to create energy from the foods you eat, the effect is different when these vitamins are consumed in the form of dietary supplements rather than food.

Research shows that B vitamins support just about every aspect of brain health. While all B vitamins promote healthy brain function , a review published in Nutrients indicates that vitamins B6, B9, and B12 play a particular role in homocysteine metabolism, which helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

In particular, B12 supports healthy DNA structures, which are important during fetal development and the prevention of chronic disease and cancer. Vitamin B6 supports both brain development and function, while vitamin B9 reduces the risk of birth defects in the brain and spine, such as spina bifida. Some B vitamins, particularly vitamin B12, play an essential role in red blood cell formation.

Healthy red blood cells are needed to transport oxygen to every part of the body. When there is a vitamin B12 deficiency, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells and anemia can occur. Vitamin B2 is also needed for red blood cell production and growth, as is vitamin B9. While vitamin B5 plays a role in red blood cell production, it also helps reduce the amount of cholesterol produced by the body.

And vitamin B6, which is required for more than different enzyme reactions in the body, aids in the formation of hemoglobin, which also allows red blood cells to carry oxygen through the blood. Vitamin B2 keeps the eyes, nervous system, and skin healthy. It aids in the conversion of food into energy and helps enzymes in the body function properly.

It also makes and repairs DNA, helps with the optimal function of the digestive and nervous systems, and promotes skin health.

In addition, vitamin B12 also plays a role in maintaining the health of the nervous system. Vitamins B3 and B5 are needed for the production of hormones in the adrenal glands, such as sex and stress hormones. Vitamin B6 stimulates neurotransmitters and hormones that influence mood and regulate the body's biological clock. B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6. Research shows that certain B vitamins may help to alleviate stress. For instance, a study published in Nutrients determined that vitamin B supplementation can benefit mood, though more research on the dietary patterns and micronutrient statuses of broader populations is still needed to make an evidence-based recommendation.

Vitamin B supplementations may also help prevent migraines in some people. A report looked at the effects of vitamin B supplementation on individuals with migraines.

The authors determined that reducing homocysteine levels with folic acid the synthetic form of folate and vitamins B6 and B12 may help reduce symptoms associated with migraine with aura, which is a recurring headache with sensory disturbances.

However, the report notes that more rigorous research is still needed to determine the safety and efficacy of B vitamin supplementation as a preventative measure for people with chronic migraine headaches. B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B While most people who eat a varied diet get enough B vitamins from food, some people are at an increased risk of deficiency, particularly those who are over the age of 50, take antacid medication, or have celiac disease , Crohn's disease, gastritis, or other digestive disorders.

If you have had stomach or weight loss surgery, drink alcohol regularly, or follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, you may also be more prone to a deficiency. People who are pregnant or breastfeeding may need more vitamins B6, B12, and folate. Maintaining your RDI for B vitamins can help prevent deficiencies. Read this article in Spanish. Purchase B-complex supplements online.

There are nine water-soluble vitamins in the human diet. This article examines each in detail, letting you know the best sources and how much you need. There are four fat-soluble vitamins in the human diet: A, D, E and K. This guide examines their health benefits, functions and main dietary sources. The foods you eat play a big role in your overall health. Being deficient in thiamine, or vitamin B1, can cause a range of symptoms that are subtle and often overlooked.

Here are 11 signs and symptoms of…. Vitamin B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin, and deficiency is common. Here are 9 signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. Here are the top 12…. Some experts claim that vitamin B12 injections can help with energy levels, brain function and weight loss. This article reviews the science. Vitamin B deficiencies can cause a wide range of symptoms. Learn the importance of each B vitamin, their deficiency symptoms, and the best food….

Women have specific nutrient needs that change throughout their lifespan. This article covers vitamins for women and explains vitamin sources, dietary….

Vitamin D has numerous health benefits, but it's tricky to know which supplement to choose. Vitamin B-complex supplements include all of the essential B vitamins in one pill. Some contain percent of the recommended daily allowance RDA of every B vitamin. Others contain higher doses of some or all of these vitamins. Many people get all the vitamin B they need from a varied, healthful diet, but others benefit from taking a vitamin B-complex supplement.

Vitamin B-complex supplements should include all of the essential B vitamins. Vitamin B-1 is vital to the healthy growth and function of organs, including the brain and heart. The body needs niacin to maintain healthy skin, nerves, and digestion. Doctors sometimes prescribe high doses of niacin to help improve cholesterol levels. Vitamin B-6 helps the body make new red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. It also helps keep the immune system strong. Biotin is essential for healthy hair, nails, and nerve function.

The body uses folic acid — or folate , its natural form — to make DNA and genetic material. During pregnancy, folic acid may reduce the risk of certain birth defects. Adequate levels of B also prevent pernicious anemia , which is a deficiency of this nutrient.

However, some contain very high levels of certain B vitamins. Before taking a high-dose supplement, talk with a clinician.

Older adults may require higher dosages of some B vitamins. Vitamin B-complex supplements may help with certain health problems. If a person has any of the conditions listed below, they may benefit from taking a supplement that contains B vitamins:.

Some research suggests that certain B vitamins could help prevent migraine with aura, specifically:. The researchers also suggest that vitamin B-2 could help prevent migraine by influencing mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs at the cellular level.

Authors of a review study from looked at the effects of vitamin B-2 on migraine. They report that this vitamin is well-tolerated and effective at reducing migraine frequency in adults, though they recommend further research.

Authors of a study from state that vitamin B levels play an important role in the development and presentation of depression and anxiety. They report that participants with depression or anxiety had lower levels of B than their control counterparts. If you think that you've consumed too much vitamin B complex and are having any unusual symptoms , call your doctor for advice. Nutrition Nutrition Basics Vitamins and Supplements. By Elizabeth Wolfenden Updated February 8, Jill Corleone is a registered dietitian with more than 20 years of experience.

Elizabeth Wolfenden. Elizabeth Wolfenden has been a professional freelance writer since with articles published on a variety of blogs and websites. She specializes in the areas of nutrition, health, psychology, mental health and education.

Wolfenden holds a bachelor's degree in elementary education and a master's degree in counseling from Oakland University. Talk to your doctor about how much vitamin B complex you need before you supplement. Video of the Day.

John inspired him with his wildlife quotes, redwoods quotes and naturalist quotes. Not many years after being rescued from the threat of the logging industry, a water company planned to block off the creek that feeds the woods. As a result, William Kent donated the land to the Federal Government. This way President Theodore Roosevelt could protect the land by declaring it a National Monument in Muir Woods was one of 18 monuments and over million acres of forest that Roosevelt preserved during his time in office.

The forest was planned to be named after William Kent, to honor him for his donation. Kent wanted the woods to be named after John Muir, the man who inspired him to save the forest.

John Muir was thrilled with the dedication. Muir Woods is covered in dense forests of coastal redwoods. These incredible evergreens are a close relative of the Giant Sequoia and are noteworthy for their fragrant red bark and towering heights. If you go further north the trees can reach heights up to feet, the oldest redwood tree can be found in the Sierra Nevada. The trees have a very important role in the forest.

Being long-lived and large in size they play a significant role in nutrient, carbon and water cycling in the forest. They help support an abundance of plant and animal life. Redwood trees can only be found on the Pacific coastline between Monterey and Southern Oregon. So, visitors to San Francisco will definitely want to take an opportunity of seeing these ancient groves.

While much of the park is devoted to the flat terrain of the valley floor, there are several hikes that lead up the sides of the canyon. A short distance down from the main path of Muir Woods you can find The Canopy trail. This trail will take you outside of the main area and offers a beautiful hike. The Canopy Trail is 1,5 miles in total and on an intermediate level, it is one of the easier trails. This is because of the many switchbacks you will encounter on your climb to the top. One thing we really like about this trail is that it is outside of the main area, this means it is less touristic than the other trails!

If you want to extend your hike, you can connect this trail with the Lost Trail or the Panoramic Trail. Both of them offer amazing views! One of our favorites, the Dipsea Trail , climbs up to the valley crest. From this soaring vantage point, hikers can overlook both the ocean and the dense redwood groves of the park.

If you want to extend this hike you can stay on the Dipsea Trail until you reach Stinson Beach. The dipsea trail is 4 miles in total and a bit longer and more difficult than the Canopy trail. Another good suggestion if you like longer hikes is the Bootjack Trail.

The Bootjack Trail is 6 miles in total and at the end you will connect with the Ben Johnson trails which will take you back to the main area. During this hike, you will cross many beautiful canyons. A lot of Muir Woods visitors think there is no wildlife in the woods, it is at first glance very quiet. But if you look closer you will see that the redwoods are home to a diverse mix of animals. The animal species you can find in the woods depends on the time of the day or the season, so if you want to spot a particular animal make sure to check if it already arrived in Muir Woods before your visit!

Muir Woods is home to more than fifty species of birds and a variety of woodland animals. The Bohemian Club is a private club, founded in San Francisco by journalists, artists, actors and musicians.

They also accept entrepreneurs and business folks, nowadays. The fourth bridge for the longer loop takes you to the Hillside Trail. This one is no longer a walk in the park, so to speak. It involves unpaved incline, stairs, and some narrow openings, all of which are unsuitable for wheelchairs. Beyond the main trail, you can also plan for longer hikes.

The main trail showcases the redwood groves, but it can get crowded with visitors on weekends. The Canopy View and the Fern Creek trails offer a hike through a quieter part of the forest. Some of the longer hikes combine Mount Tamalpais State Park and the national park. Traveling to Muir Woods with kids?

The park is a great outing for families. The paved main trail is flat and easy for kids to hike. Plus, they can earn a Junior Ranger badge by completing the activities in the Junior Ranger booklet. The booklet has different instructions depending on the age of your children, so they only need to complete certain pages to earn the coveted title of Junior Ranger.

You can download your own copy of the Junior Ranger Book for free. Besides Tree 76, Carroll calculated the ages of two fallen redwoods in Muir Woods, further bolstering the tree ring record in the grove. The Vortex Tree, which fell in , was years old, according to her report published in April. The Solstice Tree, which fell in , was years old, she concluded.

Burns said the relative youth of the three trees means the grove itself is probably younger than was believed. She suggested a fire, flood or some other catastrophe might have struck the area many centuries ago, forcing the entire forest to regenerate itself from scratch.

Peter Fimrite is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: pfimrite sfchronicle. Twitter: pfimrite. A cross second taken from the "Vortex" tree which fell in June of shows the tree to be at least years old, on display at the visitors center at the Muir Woods National Monument, Calif. May 29, The tree on the left was climbed by researchers, the first time even a tree was climbed in Muir Woods, where core samples were taken last year showed the tree being years old.

The trees are found in the Cathedral Grove area of Muir Woods.

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Syllables Synonyms Rhymes prevail. Syllable Rules 1. Learn more in English Grammar. Syllables Rhymes What rhymes with prevails 1 syllable.

Whales ales bales dale's gales hales male's nails pales rails sails sales 1 syllable rhyme shales snails swales tales 1 syllable rhyme veils. One prize is awarded to one teacher, every month. Fun Fact Flower has 2 syllables.

Flour only has 1 syllable! Learn Why. FAQ Does ratio have 2 or 3 syllables? A comprehensive resource for finding syllables in prevail, how many syllables are in prevail, words that rhyme with prevail, how to divide prevail into syllables, how to pronounce prevail in US and British English, how to break prevail into syllables. Syllable Count What's a Syllable? Words: preux , prev , prevail , prevailed , prevailer. Synonyms and Words Related to Prevail prevailed 2 syllables , prevailing 3 syllables , prevailingly 4 syllables , prevails 2 syllables , die hard 2 Syllables , dominate 3 Syllables , endure 2 Syllables , hold 1 Syllables , obtain 2 Syllables , persist 2 Syllables , predominate 4 Syllables , reign 1 Syllables , rule 1 Syllables , run 1 Syllables , triumph 2 Syllables abound 2 syllables , be 1 syllables , dominate 3 syllables , endure 2 syllables , entice 2 syllables , obtain 2 syllables , outtalk 2 syllables , overpower 4 syllables , persist 2 syllables , predominate 4 syllables , reign 1 syllables , rule 1 syllables , triumph 2 syllables ,.

One syllable words that rhyme with Prevail ail , ale , bail , baile , bale , balle , bayle , beyl , braille , cail , cale , calle , crail , dail , daile , dale , dayle , dralle , fail , faile , flail , frail , gael , gail , gaile , gale , galle , gayle , grail , hail , haile , hale , heyl , jail , kael , kail , kale , lail , mail , maile , maille , male , mayle , nail , naill , nale , pail , paille , pale , pralle , quail , quale , quayle , rael , rail , raile , rayl , rayle , reil , sail , sale , salle , sayle , scale , schmale , shale , smail , smale , snail , staehle , stale , tail , tale , they'll , trail , vail , vaile , vale , valle , veil , wail , wale , weyl , whale , yale , zale.

Two syllable words that rhyme with Prevail amell , ancell , assail , avail , barrell , bartell , bewail , borrell , cadell , capell , cardell , carrell , cartmell , carvell , correll , curtail , derail , detail , dorrell , entail , exhale , garrell , gorrell , impale , inhale , jamail , jarrell , jerrell , kvale , lavell , levell , macphail , marcell , mcgrail , mchale , mcphail , mikael , mikhail , modell , mortell , nadell , orrell , parcell , perrell , podell , portell , prevail , quesnell , radell , rafale , revell , savell , sumrell , surveil , tirrell , today'll , tramell , travail , unveil , verrell , withnail.

And they be these which follow, viz. A Comma marked thus , a Semicolon thus ; a Colon thus : a Period or full stop thus. A Comma is a stop of the smallest time, and requires but very little breathing; as for Example,. A Semicolon is of somewhat longer time than a Comma; as in this Example, His very Countenance begat in me a trembling; his Words were terrible as thunder; his Rage is sufficient to compleat my ruin.

A Colon is a middle pause between a Comma and a Period, and is generally in the middle of a Sentence. An Interrogation or Interrogative point is always placed after a question. Whither can I fly for redress?

Or to whom shall I apply myself for relief? A note of Admiration is always put after a Sentence wherein something is exclaimed against or admired at; as,. Oh the vain pleasures of the World! Oh that ever Man should be charged with the guilt of his own ruin! Page A Parenthesis is when a Sentence is inserted in the middle of another Sentence between two Semicircles, which if wholly neglected or omitted, the sense would not be spoiled. I shall in a few words because many would be too tedious give you an information of the whole matter.

Here if these words because many would be too tedious, were left out, yet the sense would be perfect. There are also many other marks which you will meet with in Reading, as sometimes when a Vowel is left out in a word, you will find this mark over its place, viz. And you will find such marks as these in the Bible and other Books, viz. And sometimes the Letters of the Alphabet are inserted in a smaller Character for the same purpose. All Digital Collections Login.

The English school-master compleated containing several tables of common English words, from one, to six, seven, and eight syllables, both whole and divided, according to the rules of true spelling; with prayers, and graces both before and after meat, and rules for childrens behaviour at all times and places, with several other necessaries suitable to the capacities of children and youth.

Also brief and easie rules for the true and exact spelling, reading, and writing of English according to the present pronunciation thereof in the famous University of Oxford, and City of London. Copies of letters, titles of honour, suitable for men of all degrees, and qualities, bills of parcels, bills of exchange, bills of debt, receipts, and several other rules and observations fit for a youths accomplishment in the way of trade.

John Hawkins school-master at St. Georges Church in Southwark. Hawkins, John, 17th cent. Table of contents Add to bookbag How to cite. Of Diphthongs. Improper Diphthongs. Page 7 Chap. Containing Examples of Words which end with le or les after a Consonant. Containing Examples of Words wherein ti is placed before a Vowel. Page 31 Chap.

Containing Words of Three Syllables both whole and divided, wherein the former directions are to be observed. Containing Words of Five Syllables, both whole and divided, wherein the foregoing Rules are principally to be observed. Thou shalt have no other Gods but me. Thou shalt do no Murther. Thou shalt not commit Adultery. Thou shalt not Steal.

Prayers and Graces fit for Children to get by Heart. A Prayer for the Morning. A Prayer for the Evening. A Family Prayer for the Morning. A Family Prayer for the Evening.

Grace before Meat. Grace after Meat. Directions for a Childs Behaviour at all Times and Places. FIrst in the Morning when thou dost awake. Page 72 In the Church.

Solomon's Precepts. Hear me now therefore O ye Children, and depart not from the words of my Mouth, Prov. A wise Servant shall have rule over a Son that causeth shame; and Page 73 shall have part of the Inheritance among the Brethren, Prov. A foolish Son is a grief to his Father, and bitterness to her that bare him, Prov.

A foolish Son is the Calamity of his Father, Prov. Cease my Son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the words of Knowledge, Prov. Even a Child is known by his doing, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right, Prov.

Train up a Child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it, Prov. Withhold not Correction from the Child: for if thou beatest him with the Rod he shall not die. Thou shalt beat him with the Rod, and shalt deliver his Soul from Hell, Prov. Thy Father and thy Mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice, Prov. Correct thy Son and he shall give thee rest: yea he shall give delight unto thy Soul, Prov.

Better is a poor and wise Child, than an old and foolish King, Eccles. Rejoice O young Man, in thy youth, and let thy Heart chear thee in the days of thy youth, and walk in the ways of thy Heart, and in the sight of thine Eyes: But know thou that for all these things, God will bring thee into Iudgment, Eccl.

A Fools bolt is soon shot. Page 74 A Friend is not known but in time of need. A good Tale is spoil'd by ill telling. A good beginning makes a good ending. A groaning Horse and a grunting Wife never fail their Master. A Fool and his Money is soon parted. After Dinner sit a while, after Supper walk a Mile. A Lark is better than a Kite.

After a Storm cometh a Calm. After Meat comes Mustard. A little Pot is soon hot. A living Dog is better than a dead Lion. A long Harvest of a little Corn. A low Hedge is easily leaped over. All is not Gold that glisters. An hasty Man never wants woe. All covet all lose. A proud Horse that will not bear his own provender. A short Horse is soon curried. A Traveller may lye with Authority. A wonder lasteth but nine days. All is well that ends well. An ill Cook that cannot lick his own Fingers.

An Inch breaks no square. As good play for nothing as work for nothing. Ask my Companion if I be a Thief. As they Brew so let them Bake. B Batchellors Wives and Maids Children are well taught. Be it better, be it worse, be rul'd by him that bears the Purse. Beggars must not he chusers. Better be envied than pitied.

Better Eye out than always ake. Better fed than taught. Better sit still than rise and fall. Better half a Loaf than no Bread. Better late than never. Better leave than lack. Better to bend than break.

Better unborn than untaught. Between two Stools the Breech goes to the ground. Birds of a Feather flock together. Blind Men must not judge of Colours. Better at the end of a Feast than the beginning of a fray. Burnt Child dreads the Fire. Change of Pasture makes fat Calves.

Children and Fools tell truth. Christmas comes but once a year. Curst Cows have short Horns. Cut your Coat according to your Cloth. D DEar bought and far fetched are good for Ladies. Dinner cannot be long where Dainties want. Do well, and have well. E ENough is as good as a Feast. Ever drunk, ever a dry. Even Reckoning makes long Friends.

Every Cock will crow on his own Dunghil. Every one as he likes, quoth the Man when he kist his Cow. Every Man can rule a Shrew but he that has her. Every Man for himself and God for us all. Every little makes a mickle. F FAint Heart never won fair Lady. Fair and softly goes far.

Fast bind fast find. Few words to the wise are sufficient. Fine Feathers make fine Birds. First come first serv'd.

You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser. JYP Active Member. Nov 28, 13 5. I started the LPC in January and everything has been moved online and with living in remote area the wifi is not great and most times the live lectures lag by 10seconds meaning I can barely understand what is being said. Now the elective exams are around the corner and we then have to do the CPAs in December, some 6 months after teaching stopped; I dont care about distinctions and commendations I just want this nightmare course to be finished.

So I need some advice; how hard is it to merely pass it? What sort of methods would people recommend for revision? Emailed my tutor 4 weeks ago and still no reply; heres hoping TCLA can come to the rescue. More options. Forum Team. Nov 26, 1, 4, I hope someone else may be able to who has done the LPC! LegalNim Legendary Member. Nov 14, JYP said:. Alice G said:.

LegalNim said:. For one module I had no access to the online material. IT emailed to say they were working on it and they'd let me know when it was fixed. They never followed up. I contacted them again and got told they were working on it. I didn't get any access until after the exam. I then made a complaint to the uni and the uni said it's my fault I didn't have access because I should have contacted them sooner Also, some people studying online have had recorded lectures and tutorials for everything they would have had in person and some haven't had any recordings at all so it's completely inconsistent - and yet everyone sits the same exams and gets graded the same way.

Someone I spoke to on LinkedIn just failed their LLM that they were doing alongside their LPC and said they'd never been assigned a supervisor or had any help with their dissertation. The scholarships team also "lost" my application for scholarships at the beginning of my course after doing the test the wrong one - they gave me the one for students who had law degrees not non-law degrees and my essay that they gave me a 48 hour deadline on because they hadn't responded to my multiple emails in the previous six weeks.

Essentially, I really feel your pain and I'm sorry I can't be of any real help. T he whole university is a complete shambles in m experience. Feb 6, 11 Reactions: Alison C and RS SportsThoughts Star Member. Jun 4, 33 If you are really stressed and worried, my biggest piece of advice would be to buy legacy notes for all of the CPAs and electives. You can get them on eBay - they range in price but are worth every penny. They were an absolute life saver for me and everyone I knew at ULaw.

They break down all of the modules by topic and a lot of them have flowcharts showing you how to answer problem questions.

They made up the bulk of my notes in all of my exams. I just annotated and added to them. The report anonymised their names. There was also significant variation between providers in terms of the proportion of students obtaining pass, commendation and distinction grades. Though there was no difference in the proportion of women and men passing the LPC nearly two-thirds of students were female , women were more likely to achieve distinctions.

The providers appoint external examiners to review the quality and standards of their assessments. Among the negative comments were adverse student feedback on errors in assessments, and the need for students to seek employment to meet shortfall between programme fees and level of loan funding.

The examiners raised issues of equality for mature, black and minority ethnic students, care leavers and students with protected characteristics more generally. Sign in Register. More News. News 'Great deal more to do': senior judges report on diversity progress TZ Report reveals achievements so far but stops short of guaranteeing improved statistics next year.

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This lets you be aware of what parts of the text or graphics are most important as you engage with them. The great thing about MCQ tests is that you know the answer is there somewhere!

You just have to find it. Using these techniques will increase your chances of doing exactly that! Explore all resources. Revising can be a little daunting, but keeping a revision program will help you keep track of what you need to do. Get tailored advice from an Academic Skills adviser by booking an appointment or attending one of our drop-in sessions. Get one-on-one advice. Read the instructions carefully Note any conditions. Start creating your Questions.

Assign the Test to be taken. Select the Test settings. View results from the Results section. View analytics over all results. Advantages of multiple choice questions: They have fast processing times. There's no room for subjectivity. You can ask more questions, it takes less to time to complete a multiple choice question compared to an open question.

Respondents don't have to formulate an answer but can focus on the content. How long should multiple choice questions be? Category: education standardized testing. If you are giving a multiple choice exam, it has been shown that approximately 45 seconds per question is more than enough time for students who know the material to be able to answer the question. Is using old exams cheating? What is the most common answer on a multiple choice test?

How many questions should be on a multiple choice test? How many questions should a quiz be? How long should you spend on a 30 mark question? How long should a 20 mark question be?

How long should it take to take a 50 question test? How do you make a good test question? How do I write a good math test? How do you create a short answer question? How many questions are on a final? When using incomplete statements, place the blank space at the end of the stem question versus the beginning. This reduces the number of times the student must reread the question. Provide clear grading criteria in the instructions. Leave the appropriate amount of space.

A large space implies a long answer. I've also taken tests where I really have to think about the multiple choice questions and work out the answer by logic - I once had a question, 75 minute multiple choice test that was difficult to finish in the allotted time. I think there's too many variables. Especially the reading speed of the student, even if they know the content. Since the test constitutes so much of the grade, that you should really focus on making sure the content of the questions you have covers the important information in those two chapters.

Not the amount. Inflating the test to combat cheating seems a little underhanded.. If you're worried about cheating: Does your university have some sort of testing center? A place that provides proctored testing?

We have one of those here at my Community College, and the tests are locked out with a password only the proctor can give them. Adding fill-in-the-blank changes things a bit, but I'd still aim kind of high for the number of questions. The ratio of 2 minutes:1 question favors those who know the material or at least know where to look to confirm their answer and punishes those who are less familiar with the material.

Is it true? Stalemate is when one player has no legal move but is not in check. When it occurs, the game result is a draw. I guess your opponent made up this "rule" out of the really existing move rule - after 50 moves without a piece captured or a pawn moved, the game can be claimed a draw.

But if he captured the pawn, the counter would start from 0 again so there is no such rule. Your opponent was just making something up cause he didn't want to lose. That endgame is insanely easy to win. Just sac a bishop or knight for the pawn, win with the rook, game over although he should have resigned immediately in such a position anyways. It gets worse later on as you get better too. You may end up playing games that are equal at around pm and end up blundering cause your tired White Promotes to a Queen, and what does Black do?

Capture it, of course. Can either team with just a King? No way! This is just one example of the Stalemate called Insufficient Material. You need to have enough firepower on the board to both check the King and at the same time make sure he has no way to escape. The fewest pieces possible to do this are a King and a Rook. Call it a draw and move on with your day. If we look at all black's options in the above example, we'll find that every square he can move to is attacked by the queen!

Black has no possible legal moves, and so the game is declared a draw. In the image below, all the squares attacked by the queen are marked in red. You can see that black has nowhere to go! Stalemate can also happen with a lot more pieces on the board. Let's take a look at a more complicated stalemate. Again, it's black's turn. Tony has already answered the second question - it could legally be thousands of moves depending on the position. As long as the same position is not reached more than twice and there is no 50 move stretch without a pawn move or capture, the game can go on until there are no pieces left.

Theoretically, if you have lost all your pieces and he has lost none of his, he could jockey pieces around making sure not to allow the same position three times while every 50 moves moving a pawn or forcing you to capture a piece. However, this scenario is extremely improbable, as a quicker mate would certainly be preferred.

As to the first question, if you only have a king, and your opponent has sufficient material to force mate, the minimum necessary number of moves in all positions would be 33 - in the case of King, Bishop, and Knight against King.

In other cases, mate could be forced sooner. See Wikipedia again for a table: a queen takes at most 10 moves to mate with best play, a rook takes at most 16, two bishops 19, and bishop and knight as mentioned These are the only entries in the table with the opposing king as the sole defender. Any other pieces or pawns added would reduce the necessary number of moves. Depends on where the game is played. USCF forces games to end at moves, so if your opponent leaves you with a lone king on move , he has 1 move to checkmate you before it's a draw.

Also other federations and tournaments allow rules where after a certain period of time not moves the game goes to adjudication. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group.

The rules dictate that under some circumstances it is mandatory that a ball is removed from a contest and that it cannot be returned to play:. When you watch a game, you will notice that oftentimes a player — usually the catcher — will simply toss a ball aside after catching it and then request a new one from the umpire, who without question pulls a new ball from a ball bag that he wears on his waist. Another discretionary reason that a baseball may be removed from a game is when a player in the field decides to toss the ball into the seats to the delight of a lucky fan.

This frequently occurs at the end of an inning when the player who caught the ball that represented the final out decides to thrill the fans rather than carrying the ball into his dugout.

There are three categories of balls that may or may not be game-ready, depending on their use:. Starting pitchers — the pitcher who is on the mound at the beginning of the game in the first inning — seldom pitch the entire game.

Each team has a handful of relief pitchers who take over if the starting pitcher is ineffective or simply runs out of gas. They need to warm up, stretch their muscles, and ensure that they are mastering their pitches by practicing in the bullpen under the watchful eye of a coach. Otherwise, they would risk injury.

Before each game, teams take some time to warm up with hitting and fielding practice. On game day, a baseball team can go through as many as 14 or 15 dozen baseballs while practicing. These can be new or used balls. Professional baseball teams set aside a number of balls for players to autograph for fawning fans. This can happen spontaneously before or after a game, or at orchestrated events. Every baseball that is removed from a game is marked so that it will not be mistakenly used in a game again.

When you ponder how many balls are used in a baseball game, you have to consider the ones that are used in the actual game as well as the many baseballs that are used by players while preparing for the game. While the number of balls rubbed up for each nine-inning game may total between , the fact is that as many as three times that number may be used by a baseball team on each game day.

The regular major league baseball season involves 2, contests involving 30 teams, which, all uses considered, can require more than , game balls and at least twice as many game-related balls. More baseballs are then required for the Playoffs and the World Series, which can add several dozen additional games. How many stitches are on a baseball. Since , games now take longer to play. One of the reasons is the number of at bats of each player has risen because batters hit the ball more often now.

Not only have batting averages gone up, but so has slugging percentages. During a typical nine inning game, each baseball stays in play for less than six pitches.

Every time the batter hits a foul ball , the baseball is replaced. If the batter foul tips the ball, or if the ball comes into contact with infield dirt, a new ball is substituted. A pitcher can request a new ball at anytime, and balls are routinely replaced at the discretion of the umpire. Baseballs are in constant movement during a game, pitched and then caught by the catcher, or put in play by a hit to the infield or flied out to the outfield.

Relief pitchers warming up before coming into the game require baseballs to practice with. Discarded balls are used mostly for batting practice the following day. The home team provides the baseballs that are used for each game in their home stand. There have been many iconic moments during the plus years of organized play. Autographs on baseballs of well-known players also yield high prices. The error only added to the deepening troubles of the already struggling Red Sox team. In the series, the Boston Red Sox were leading the heavily favored Mets three games to two.

Buckner came on the field in the bottom of the 10th inning during a double switch called by Red Sox manager John Macnamara. As well as memorabilia, collectors are interested in snapping them up to add to a collection or sell on if it was a famous or even infamous game. According to an MLB equipment manager , up to baseballs can be used per game.

This is due to the number used up between home runs, fouls, scuffs and from players tossing them to the stands. This can increase if the game goes into extra innings. Considering how many baseballs are used in 1 MLB game, at least dozen need to be prepared. The home team will be expected to provide them, and extras may be brought just in case. For the most part of their production, they are hand made and require a lot of attention to detail to make sure each one is identical. Each and every baseball is valuable.

Time and money have both been spent to ensure that only the best is used during a game. Others will counteract with the fact that many of them go on to be reused throughout the league in the forms of practice and fan prizes and team and player memorabilia.

One thing is for certain though, while there might be millions of them bouncing around out there, catching one when in the stands never loses its thrill. Updated on By Alexis. Last Updated on July 21, Table of Contents show. Official MLB Baseball 2. Are Baseballs Expensive? Why is this Number of Baseballs Needed? What Happens to Baseballs Used in a Game? FAQs 3. A baseball has been batted out of the playing field or into the spectator area. A baseball has become discolored or unfit for further use.

The pitcher requests an alternate baseball. Alexis has been playing baseball since he was around He is a high school graduate that currently trying to achieve his dream of becoming a professional baseball player. Perfect Game Profile.

On average a mortar mix will yield 36 bricks per pound bag, so divide the total number of bricks by 36 to calculate the bags needed. Cement to sand ratio ranges from 1 part cement to 3 to 4. Most mixes also require the use of lime in various proportions as a binding agent, to increase the longevity of the finished product, and to increase the workability of the mix. Try our other gravel calculator to estimate the amount of sand needed for your mix.

You are here. Find the number of blocks using our block calculator. Brick Count:. Find the number of bricks using our brick calculator.

Material Estimate:. Pre-Mixed Mortar. Custom Mix Cement. Hydrated Lime. Add this calculator to your site. Type O used in above ground applications that are not load-bearing, usually for interior applications, and has a compressive strength of psi. But Let me save you some agony by saying, this just isn't so. Waste and inconsistency has to be factored.

Waste comes in many forms but mostly results from mortar that drops to the ground while pointing and mortar that cures too quickly and needs tossed. Close search. Mortar Math: Calculating how much mortar will you need for your masonry project? The amount of mortar needed for pointing or laying in masonry relies on 4 factors. Project type Brick, block, or stone size. Joint size Neatness For ease of information I will offer quantities needed per 80lb bag of premix mortar.

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You can enter airports, cities, states, countries, or zip codes to find the flying time between any two points. The database uses the great circle distance and the average airspeed of a commercial airliner to figure out how long a typical flight would take.

Find your travel time to estimate the length of a flight between airports, or ask how long it takes to fly from one city to another. Plan your trip at. Click here to show map. Vancouver, British Columbia. Route information Fastest journey time:. Journey distance:. Services per week:. Cheapest price:. Carbon emissions:. First and last service First service departs at:.

Last service departs at:. Departing Friday, November 12, Departing Saturday, November 13, Departing Sunday, November 14, Departing Monday, November 15, Departing Tuesday, November 16, Departing Wednesday, November 17, Departing Thursday, November 18, Greyhound USA.

Whatcom Transportation Authority. Launch map view. Train operators. Cascades Train exterior. Cascades Train interior.

Standard Amtrak coach interior. You can use DriveDistance. The total driving time is 1 hour, 2 minutes. If you're planning a road trip, you might be interested in seeing the total driving distance from Vancouver, Canada to Bellingham, WA. You can also calculate the cost to drive from Vancouver, Canada to Bellingham, WA based on current local gas prices and an estimate of your car's best gas mileage.

If you're meeting a friend, you might be interested in finding the city that is halfway between Vancouver, Canada and Bellingham, WA.

Reach out to Skydive STL and book your first skydive today! Book Now! Book Now. Gift Cards. Skydive STL. If you want the short answer: really, really fast. About mph kph! How Fast Is Freefall? What Is Terminal Velocity? Do you feel your stomach drop when you skydive? Visual Arts. Student Life. Vocational Training. Standardized Tests. Online Learning. Social Sciences.

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Anything much smaller than a mouse can survive a fall from terminal velocity depending on the actual ground conditions. A flying squirrel could. Specifically, according to a study done by the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, cats falling from an average of 5.

But once they hit terminal velocity, their instinct changes and they parachute their limbs. The median lethal distance for falls is four stories or 48 feet, according to the reference book Trauma Anesthesia. Your terminal velocity would have been reached after falling 1, feet, particularly with your hands in front of you, and it would be, well, terminal.

The water will feel like it was entering a sand pile. If the thousand foot fall was terminated by a body of water, you would die just as quickly as if you had hit a solid object. If the thousand foot fall was from, for example, 10, feet to 9, feet of altitude and you had a parachute, you would likely live. Falls cause approximately , deaths each year, but most falls are not fatal.

This threshold is corroborated by the published literature on survivors from accidental and suicidal free falls [1]. When the cabin depressurized, the passengers and other flight crew were blown out of the aircraft and fell to their deaths.

Some airplane crashes happen with the plane colliding with a mountain at a couple of hundred miles per hour. In , Vesna Vulovic, a cabin attendant, survived a 10,m fall when the DC-9 she was in exploded over what is now the Czech Republic. Earlier this week, a year-old woman survived after toppling from her fourth-floor balcony in Turin.

Fortunately, her fall was broken by a children's playhouse.